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Burgenland Croats ((クロアチア語:Gradišćanski Hrvati), (ドイツ語:Burgenlandkroaten), (ハンガリー語:Burgenlandi horvátok), (スロバキア語: Gradiščanskí Chorváti)) is the name for five Croatian ethnic groups in the Austrian state of Burgenland and neighboring regions of Hungary and Slovakia.〔http://www.enciklopedija.hr/natuknica.aspx?id=22976〕 There is around 120.000 Croats that live in Austria. 27.000〔http://www.hrvatiizvanrh.hr/hr/hmiu/hrvatska-manjina-u-republici-austriji/3〕 to 30.000〔http://www.enciklopedija.hr/natuknica.aspx?id=22976〕 of them are Burgenland Croats. 56.785 out of them have Croatian citizenship.〔http://www.hrvatiizvanrh.hr/hr/hmiu/hrvatska-manjina-u-republici-austriji/3〕 Since 1993 Croatian organizations are appointing their representatives to the Council for National Minorities of the Austrian government. ==History== Burgeland Croats began to emigate from Lika, Krbava, Kordun, Banovina, Moslavina, Western Bosnia and Gorski Kotar, areas that were occupied by the Turks, in 16th century during the Turkish wars (1533-1584). Because many villages had been pillaged by the Turks refuge Croats were given land and independent ecclesiastic rights by the Austrian King Ferdinand I. This gave the Croats refuge a safe place to live while provideing Austria with a buffer zone between Vienna and the Ottoman Empire in South and East. First wave of emigration came in 1530's after the Turks destroyed almost all the settlements between river Una and mountain Velebit and river Kupa and mountain range Kapela. In the second wave of emigration in 1540's many Croats from Slavonia emigrated. Last, third wave of emigration, came in 1750's and 1760's. Burgeland Croats emigrated not only because of the fear of Turkish attacks but also because they were searching for jobs and better life opportunities. Directions of emigration went to the north, but also across the Adriatic Sea to Italy, where Molise Croats, descendants of Croatian emigrant, can be found. The Burgenland Croats developed their own orthography during the counter-reformation, however, assimilation soon followed with the language being banned from use in churches and schools. After falling under Hungarian rule in the Dual Monarchy, liberal laws regarding ethnicity enabled them to rekindle their language and heritage. However, when a 1900 census revealed that only 18.8% of the population of Burgenland spoke Hungarian, drastic measures of Magyarization were taken, thus revoking many individual and community rights. The Burgenland Croats were also persecuted by Austro-German nationalists after World War I and by the Nazis during World War II and were exposed to attempts of assimilation. The Croats gained minority status in the Austrian Treaty of Independence of 1955. Since then they and their culture have undergone somewhat of a renaissance with the language being taught at schools and spoken in Church where there is a large enough minority. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Burgenland Croats」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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